Trading with each other printing state currency is what?

Trading with each other by printing state currency is often referred to as "currency manipulation" or "competitive devaluation." This practice involves countries deliberately altering their currency values to gain an unfair advantage in international trade, making their exports cheaper and imports more expensive. While it can provide short-term economic benefits, it can lead to trade tensions and destabilize global markets. Such actions may also invite retaliation from other nations and could violate international trade agreements.