Buffalo Bill was William F. Cody (1846-1917), who worked as a scout for the US Army and killed buffalo (bison) to provision the Union Pacific Railroad. In later life, he operated a wild west show, demonstrating riding and sharpshooting and giving audiences a sanitized version of life in the American West.
It is interesting to note that Buffalo Bill Cody did not kill any actual buffalo: this was the common name applied to the American bison, which was an important food supply for Native Americans but became nearly extinct due to over-hunting.
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