Which strategy used during both world wars resulted in the mobilization of countries entire populations to support war efforts?

The term "total war" has two closely-related meanings in the context of wartime economies.

It can refer to the focus of the entire country's production and manpower to the support of the military (e.g. Nazi Germany stopped producing many consumer goods to concentrate on armaments).

It can also refer to military attacks on civilian populations and production centers, in order to disrupt the resupply of weapons and other materials to the military forces (e.g. the firebombing of Japanese factory cities).