Is ecowas really a toothless bulldog?

The phrase "toothless bulldog" often describes ECOWAS as being ineffective in enforcing its decisions and maintaining regional stability. While ECOWAS has made strides in promoting peace and democracy in West Africa, its limited military capacity and reliance on member states for support can hinder its effectiveness. However, the organization has successfully mediated conflicts and facilitated dialogue in several instances, suggesting it has some bite despite its challenges. Ultimately, its effectiveness varies depending on the specific context and member state cooperation.