What would cause thickening wall of gastric cardia and fundus?

Thickening of the wall in the gastric cardia and fundus can be caused by several factors, including chronic inflammation (such as gastritis), gastric ulcers, or the presence of tumors. Conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can also contribute to wall thickening due to persistent irritation. Additionally, the development of conditions like gastric adenocarcinoma may lead to abnormal thickening as well. Imaging studies and endoscopy are typically used to further evaluate the underlying causes.