How is sound made by a dog?

Sound is made by a dog primarily through vocalizations using its larynx (voice box). When a dog barks, howls, or whines, air is pushed from the lungs through the vocal cords, causing them to vibrate and produce sound waves. The pitch and volume of the sound can vary based on factors like the size of the dog and the tension of the vocal cords. Additionally, dogs can produce sounds through other means, such as growling or yipping, by altering their mouth and throat positioning.