How did the political power of the Catholic Church change between the papacies of Pope Gregory VII and Pope Innocent III?

Between the papacies of Pope Gregory VII and Pope Innocent III, the political power of the Catholic Church significantly increased. Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) asserted the Church's authority over secular rulers, particularly through the Investiture Controversy, which challenged lay investiture. By the time of Pope Innocent III (1198-1216), the Church had solidified its influence, wielding considerable power over monarchs, exemplified by his ability to excommunicate King John of England and place England under interdict. This period marked a transition from a church seeking independence to one that actively engaged in and shaped political affairs across Europe.