What happenes to vc and TLC in severe emphysema?

In severe emphysema, vital capacity (VC) is typically reduced due to the destruction of alveoli, leading to decreased lung elasticity and air trapping. Total lung capacity (TLC) may be increased as a result of hyperinflation, where the lungs become overly distended, allowing for more air to remain in the lungs even after exhalation. This combination of reduced VC and increased TLC reflects the impaired respiratory mechanics characteristic of emphysema.