What are characteristics of art songs?

Art songs are typically characterized by their emphasis on vocal expression and lyrical content, often featuring poetry as the basis for the text. They are usually composed for solo voice accompanied by piano, showcasing the interplay between the music and the Words. Art songs often reflect a wide range of emotions and themes, allowing for deep emotional connection and interpretation by the performer. Additionally, they are commonly associated with the classical tradition, particularly in the 19th and early 20th centuries, with composers like Schubert, Schumann, and Brahms being notable contributors.