How does sewage pollution cause destruction of coral reef?

Sewage pollution introduces excess nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, into marine environments, leading to algal blooms that can smother coral reefs and block sunlight essential for photosynthesis. The high nutrient levels also disrupt the delicate balance of marine ecosystems, promoting harmful bacteria and pathogens that can stress or kill corals. Additionally, sewage can lower water quality, leading to increased turbidity and sedimentation, which further impede coral health and recovery. Overall, these factors contribute to coral bleaching and long-term degradation of reef systems.