Can a sixteen year old file taxes if they worked at a fast food corporation?

Yes . . . If he/she paid any Federal or State Tax (if applicable) then the information needed would be on his/her W-2 that he/she receives from that fast food corporation (unless, of course, he/she was being paid under the table which is not legal). They would just have to be sure to indicate that someone else can claim him/her as a dependant, which would most likely be the case & would most likely be the parent(s)/legal guardian(s).