What did the first nations use to protect themselves?

First Nations used a variety of methods to protect themselves, including building fortified settlements and using natural landscapes for defense. They crafted weapons such as bows, arrows, and spears, often made from locally sourced materials like wood and stone. Additionally, many tribes developed alliances and trade relationships with other groups to strengthen their defense against common threats. Their deep understanding of the land also allowed them to employ strategic ambush tactics and guerilla warfare.