During the Paleolithic era, diets were primarily composed of wild plants, fruits, nuts, and animal proteins obtained through hunting and gathering. As humans transitioned to the Neolithic period, they began to practice agriculture, leading to a more settled lifestyle and a diet that included cultivated grains, legumes, and domesticated animals. This shift not only diversified the diet but also increased food availability, allowing for population growth and the development of complex societies. The Neolithic diet marked a significant departure from the reliance on foraged foods characteristic of the Paleolithic era.
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