How are modern day mugs made?

Modern-day mugs are typically made through a combination of materials and processes. Most are crafted from ceramic, porcelain, or glass, beginning with mixing raw materials like clay or silica. The mixture is shaped using techniques such as slip casting or wheel throwing, then fired in a kiln to harden. Finally, mugs are often glazed for aesthetics and functionality, and may undergo additional firing to set the glaze.