What is erythropietin?

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced primarily by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. It plays a crucial role in regulating red blood cell levels in response to oxygen availability in the body. When oxygen levels are low, such as in cases of anemia or high altitude, EPO production increases to enhance red blood cell production and improve oxygen transport. EPO is also used medically to treat certain types of anemia, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease.