How does a ship strike an iceberg even though it may seem to be a safe distance away from it?

A ship can strike an iceberg even when it appears to be at a safe distance due to several factors, including the phenomenon known as "bergy bits" or submerged portions of the iceberg that are not visible above the waterline. Additionally, icebergs can have unpredictable movements caused by wind and ocean currents, which can alter their position. Poor visibility, human error in navigation, and inadequate understanding of the iceberg's size and drift can also contribute to this dangerous situation. Lastly, the optical illusion caused by the refraction of light can make icebergs appear smaller or farther away than they actually are.