Lamarck would explain the long hind legs of the kangaroo rat as a result of the animal's ancestors developing these traits through use and adaptation to their environment; he believed that characteristics acquired during an individual's lifetime could be passed on to offspring. In contrast, Darwin would account for the long hind legs through the mechanism of natural selection, suggesting that those kangaroo rats with longer legs had a survival advantage in escaping predators or navigating their environment, leading to the gradual prevalence of this trait in the population over generations.
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