How do plants and animals avoid competition with their own species?

Plants and animals avoid competition with their own species through various strategies. For plants, mechanisms such as spatial separation, different flowering times, and variations in root depth help minimize competition for light, water, and nutrients. Animals may employ behaviors like territoriality, where individuals establish and defend specific areas, or exhibit different feeding habits and timing to reduce overlap in resource use. Additionally, some species practice niche differentiation, where different members of the same species exploit different resources or habitats.