What were the two contrasting Chinese opinions about following the ways of Western Civilization?

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Chinese opinions about adopting Western Civilization were largely divided. Some intellectuals and reformers, like Liang Qichao, advocated for modernization and the adoption of Western science, technology, and governance to strengthen China against foreign powers. Conversely, traditionalists, including figures like Zhang Zhidong, believed that embracing Western ways would undermine Chinese culture and values, arguing for a combination of Western technology with Confucian ideals to preserve national identity. This tension reflected a broader struggle between modernization and cultural preservation in Chinese society.