How did intellectuals such as Charles beard Mary ritter beard and lester ward influence the thinking of the reformers?

Intellectuals like Charles and Mary Ritter Beard and Lester Ward significantly influenced reformers by advocating for progressive ideas that emphasized social justice, democracy, and the role of government in addressing societal issues. The Beards' historical interpretations highlighted the importance of economic factors in shaping American history, encouraging reformers to consider structural inequalities. Meanwhile, Ward's sociological perspectives promoted the idea that society could be improved through education and planned social change, inspiring reformers to seek systematic solutions to social problems. Together, these thinkers provided a theoretical foundation that motivated reform movements in the early 20th century.