Why was democracy a radical departure from monarchy and theocracy?

Democracy was a radical departure from monarchy and theocracy because it shifted power from a single ruler or religious authority to the collective will of the people. In monarchies, authority was typically inherited and centralized, while theocracies based governance on religious doctrine. Democracy introduced the concept of popular sovereignty, where citizens have the right to participate in decision-making and elect their leaders, promoting equality and accountability. This fundamental change fostered greater political freedom and representation, contrasting sharply with the hierarchical structures of monarchies and theocratic systems.