What historical event is recounted in 1 Samuel 13?

1 Samuel 13 recounts the event of King Saul's unlawful sacrifice at Gilgal. Facing pressure from his troops and the impending threat of the Philistines, Saul took it upon himself to offer a burnt sacrifice to God, despite being instructed to wait for the prophet Samuel. When Samuel arrives shortly after the sacrifice, he rebukes Saul for his disobedience, declaring that God has chosen to remove the kingdom from him and give it to a neighbor, foreshadowing the rise of David. This event marks a significant turning point in Saul's reign and highlights the importance of obedience to God's commands.