Why are herbivore diets more energy efficient?

Herbivore diets are generally more energy efficient because they consume primary producers, such as plants, that directly harness solar energy through photosynthesis. This means herbivores can obtain energy at a lower trophic level, reducing energy loss associated with higher trophic levels, such as carnivory. Additionally, plant material, while less energy-dense, provides a steady and abundant food source, allowing herbivores to thrive without expending as much energy in hunting or competition as carnivores do. Consequently, herbivores often have adaptations that maximize the extraction of energy from plant matter, enhancing their overall efficiency.