What causes and elevated ACE?

Elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels can be caused by a variety of conditions, including sarcoidosis, hyperthyroidism, and certain infections like tuberculosis. It can also be associated with some autoimmune diseases, like systemic lupus erythematosus. Additionally, certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, can influence ACE levels. Elevated ACE may indicate increased activity in the renin-angiotensin system, often related to lung or granulomatous diseases.