In 1645, during the English Civil War, the royalists primarily controlled regions in the west and south of England, including areas such as Cornwall, parts of Wales, and the West Midlands. They held key cities like Oxford, which served as their capital, and other strongholds like Bristol and Exeter. However, their control was increasingly challenged by parliamentarian forces as the war progressed. By this time, the balance of power was shifting, with parliament gaining significant ground in various regions.
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