What countries were involve in trading goods and Africans through the middle passage?

The countries involved in trading goods and Africans through the Middle Passage primarily included European colonial powers such as Portugal, Spain, France, Britain, and the Netherlands. These nations established trade networks that connected Africa to the Americas, where enslaved Africans were transported to work on plantations. Goods such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton were produced in the Americas and traded back to Europe in exchange for manufactured items and enslaved individuals from Africa. This transatlantic trade was a central component of the triangular trade system.