What is framing in photography?

Frame has several related meanings.

First, the photo frame you buy from the drugstore or department store.

Second, in photo editing it means that a picture is to be cropped and rotated.

Third, it can mean a border around the edges of a photo.

In video, a frame is one photo in the series of photos that create the motion picture. A frame is one image which lasts (typically) 1/30 of a second. 1/15 and 1/8 second are also common.

In 35mm roll film, a frame is one 35mm by 24mm rectangle which is one full sized image or a "full frame." To save film, some compact cameras from the 1950s and 60s used half frame (18mm x 24mm) negatives.

The frame counter counts the number of exposures you have left on a roll of film, or on your digital media.

In summary, the answer depends somewhat on context.