How do panamanian golden frogs hear?

Panamanian golden frogs primarily hear through their inner ear, which is adapted to detect vibrations in their environment. They possess a middle ear that helps transmit sound waves to the inner ear, where sensory cells convert these vibrations into nerve signals. This hearing mechanism is crucial for communication and mating, as they rely on vocalizations to attract partners. Their unique adaptations enable them to thrive in their natural habitat despite being largely terrestrial.