In pre-revolutionary France, society was divided into three estates. The First Estate comprised the clergy, including bishops and priests, who held significant influence and privileges. The Second Estate consisted of the nobility, including aristocrats and landowners, who also enjoyed various rights and exemptions. The Third Estate, which made up the majority of the population, included peasants, urban workers, and the bourgeoisie (middle class), and it bore the burden of taxation and had little political power, leading to widespread discontent.
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