How did white Americans react to the brown decision?

The reaction of white Americans to the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954 was largely polarized. Many white Americans, particularly in the South, vehemently opposed the ruling, viewing it as an infringement on states' rights and a threat to the social order. This opposition manifested in various forms, including the establishment of "white citizen councils," attempts to resist desegregation, and even violent protests. Conversely, some white Americans, particularly in the North and among civil rights advocates, welcomed the decision as a significant step toward racial equality.