In Kate Chopin's "At the Cadian Ball," the primary antagonist is social convention and societal expectations, particularly regarding class and gender roles. This is embodied by characters like Madame Léonce, who represents the traditional norms that constrain the characters, particularly the protagonist, Calixta. Her internal struggle between desire and societal pressure highlights the conflict between individual happiness and societal approval. Ultimately, the antagonist is not a single character but rather the societal constraints that inhibit personal freedom and love.
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