What is the conclusion of Rutherford?

Ernest Rutherford concluded that the atom is mostly empty space, with a dense, positively charged nucleus at its center containing most of the atom's mass. His gold foil experiment demonstrated that some alpha particles deflected at large angles, indicating the presence of this concentrated nucleus. This groundbreaking discovery led to the planetary model of the atom, fundamentally changing our understanding of atomic structure. Rutherford's work laid the foundation for modern nuclear physics and chemistry.