Who carried out Prehistoric surgery?

Prehistoric surgery was likely carried out by shamans or healers within early human communities, who possessed knowledge of herbal remedies and basic medical practices. Evidence from archaeological sites, such as trepanation (the drilling of holes in the skull), suggests that these individuals performed procedures with rudimentary tools and techniques. The motivations for such surgeries could include treating injuries, alleviating ailments, or even spiritual practices. Despite the rudimentary nature of their methods, some patients survived these surgeries, indicating a level of skill and understanding of human anatomy.