What is a stag beetles predators?

Stag beetles primarily face predation from birds, mammals, and other insects. Larger birds are particularly effective predators, as they can easily spot and capture these beetles. Additionally, some carnivorous insects, such as Spiders and other beetles, may also prey on stag beetles, especially during their vulnerable larval stages. However, stag beetles possess strong mandibles that can deter some predators, allowing them to defend themselves when threatened.