Why is access time of the cache memory is less than access time of m?

Cache memory has a significantly lower access time compared to main memory (RAM) because it is built using faster, more expensive types of memory technology, such as SRAM, which allows for quicker data retrieval. Additionally, cache memory is located closer to the CPU, reducing the physical distance data must travel. This design optimizes performance by storing frequently accessed data and instructions, minimizing delays that would occur if the CPU had to access slower main memory.