Why does dexamethasone cause glaucoma?

Dexamethasone can cause glaucoma primarily by increasing intraocular pressure (IOP). This occurs because corticosteroids can lead to changes in the trabecular meshwork, which is responsible for draining aqueous humor from the eye. The altered drainage can result in a buildup of fluid, thereby raising IOP. Prolonged use of dexamethasone, especially in those predisposed to glaucoma, can exacerbate this condition.