The primary bacteria that can spoil wine include Acetobacter, which converts ethanol into acetic acid, leading to vinegar-like flavors. While E. coli, botulinum, and salmonella are more commonly associated with foodborne illnesses, they are not typically linked to wine spoilage. Botulinum, in particular, is a concern in improperly canned foods, not fermented beverages like wine. Therefore, while these bacteria may pose health risks in other contexts, they are not the main culprits in wine spoilage.
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