What part of the body is a column of nerve tissue that extend from the brain through the spinal column?

The part of the body you are referring to is the spinal cord. It is a column of nerve tissue that extends from the brain down through the vertebral column (spine). The spinal cord plays a crucial role in transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body, facilitating movement and sensory perception. It is protected by the vertebrae and is a key component of the central nervous system.