If you hit an object on the freeway and caused damage to a friend's car can you be held liable for the damage or deductible in CA?

More than likely, yes. The car was the responsibility of the person driving it at the time of damage, regardless of the circumstances.

You are NOT liable for any part of the damage (including deductible) as long as you are driving with your friend's permission.

No, you are not responsible for the damage.