Why does a vector not lose image quality when it is scaled compared to a bitmap?

A vector image is made up of paths defined by mathematical equations, which means it can be scaled to any size without losing quality. This allows the image to maintain sharpness and clarity at any resolution. In contrast, a bitmap (or raster) image is composed of individual pixels; when it is scaled up, these pixels become larger and can appear blurry or pixelated. This fundamental difference in how the images are constructed accounts for the varying quality when scaling.