What was unique about the sumerians?

The Sumerians, one of the earliest known civilizations, were unique for their development of cuneiform writing, one of the world's first writing systems, which allowed them to record laws, trade transactions, and literature. They established city-states like Ur and Uruk, with advanced urban planning and monumental architecture, including ziggurats. Additionally, they made significant advancements in mathematics, astronomy, and irrigation, laying the groundwork for future civilizations in Mesopotamia and beyond. Their polytheistic religion and rich mythology also contributed to their distinct cultural identity.