Which European settlers sought the greatest amount of direct control over Indian laborers?

The Spanish settlers sought the greatest amount of direct control over Indian laborers, primarily through systems like the encomienda and repartimiento. These systems allowed Spanish colonizers to demand labor from Indigenous populations in exchange for protection and Christianization. This approach was deeply exploitative, leading to significant population decline and cultural disruption among Native communities. Other European powers, like the French and English, generally adopted less direct methods of control over Indigenous labor.