What is separation by floatation?

Separation by flotation is a physical process used to separate materials based on their differing densities and buoyancy in a liquid medium, typically water or a specialized flotation solution. In this method, particles are introduced into a flotation cell where air bubbles are generated, causing lighter particles to attach to the bubbles and rise to the surface, while heavier particles sink. This technique is commonly used in mineral processing, waste treatment, and recycling to separate valuable materials from undesired substances. The efficiency of flotation can be influenced by factors such as particle size, chemical reagents, and operating conditions.