Explain instruction fetch and execution with a state diagram?

Instruction fetch and execution are key phases in a CPU's operation cycle. In the state diagram, the process begins in the "Fetch" state, where the CPU retrieves an instruction from memory using the Program Counter (PC) to locate it. Next, the CPU transitions to the "Decode" state to interpret the instruction, followed by the "Execute" state where the instruction is carried out. After execution, the CPU may return to the "Fetch" state to retrieve the next instruction, creating a continuous loop that forms the basis of program execution.