Receptor cells in the retina, specifically rods and cones, are distributed unevenly, influencing direct gaze and peripheral vision. Cones, which are responsible for color and detail, are concentrated in the fovea at the center of the retina, facilitating direct gaze. In contrast, rods, which are more sensitive to light and motion but do not detect color, are found more abundantly in the peripheral regions of the retina, enhancing peripheral vision. This arrangement allows for detailed vision when looking directly at an object while enabling the detection of movement and broader visual awareness in the periphery.
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