How much money did the Venera Space Program cost?

The Venera Space Program, conducted by the Soviet Union from the early 1960s to the late 1980s, is estimated to have cost around $1 billion to $1.5 billion in today's dollars. This program consisted of a series of missions aimed at exploring Venus, including landers and orbiters. The investment included significant technological developments and scientific research, contributing to our understanding of the planet's harsh environment.