What was the most powerful nation in the 17th century?

In the 17th century, the most powerful nation was often considered to be the Dutch Republic, particularly during its Golden Age in the early to mid-1600s. It dominated global trade, had a strong naval presence, and established a vast colonial empire. However, France, under the leadership of Louis XIV later in the century, also emerged as a significant power, showcasing military strength and cultural influence. England was rising as well, especially towards the century's end, setting the stage for its eventual prominence.