The formation of national labor unions in the late 1800s was mainly response to?

The formation of national labor unions in the late 1800s was primarily a response to the harsh working conditions, long hours, and low wages faced by workers in rapidly industrializing economies. Workers sought to improve their rights and bargaining power through collective organization in the face of growing corporate power and exploitation. Unions aimed to address issues such as unsafe work environments and lack of job security, advocating for better labor laws and protections. This movement was a significant step toward establishing labor rights and improving the overall conditions for workers.