What are the hereditary principalities in the prince?

In "The Prince," Niccolò Machiavelli discusses hereditary principalities as territories ruled by a family that has maintained control over them for generations. These principalities are generally easier to govern, as the populace is accustomed to the ruling family's authority and traditions. The stability of hereditary rule can be enhanced when the prince is competent and maintains the goodwill of his subjects. Machiavelli contrasts these with new principalities, which often require more effort to secure and maintain.