John Stuart Mill, a British philosopher, expanded on the concept of hedonism, which posits that pleasure is the highest good. Unlike earlier hedonists who equated pleasure with mere physical gratification, Mill introduced a qualitative distinction between higher (intellectual and moral) and lower (bodily) pleasures. He argued that the pursuit of higher pleasures leads to a more fulfilling and meaningful life, emphasizing that the best actions are those that promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Mill's utilitarianism thus combines hedonistic principles with a broader ethical framework focused on overall well-being.
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